Friday, 19 December 2025

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)



What is Atopic Dermatitis?
Commonly called Eczema, this is a chronic condition that makes skin red and itchy.

The "Atopic Triad": It is often genetic and linked to two other conditions. If you have eczema, you are at higher risk for:
  • Asthma.
  • Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis).

Symptoms

The hallmark symptom is severe itching, which is often worse at night. The rash looks different depending on age:

In Infants (Infantile Eczema)

  • Location: Usually on the face, scalp, and front of the legs.
  • Appearance: Oozing, crusting rash.

In Adults & Children

  • Location: Inside the creases of elbows and knees, ankles, and neck.
  • Appearance: Thickened, cracked, scaly skin (Lichenification) or brownish-gray patches.

Common Triggers

Eczema flares up when the skin barrier is stressed. Common triggers include:

  • Irritants: Wool clothing, harsh soaps, detergents, and perfumes.
  • Environment: Hot showers, low humidity (winter air), and sweating.
  • Stress: Emotional stress often triggers a physical flare.
  • Allergens: Dust mites, pollen, or pet dander.

Complications

  • Skin Infections: Scratching breaks the skin, allowing bacteria (like Staphylococcus aureus) to enter. Signs include yellow crusts or pus-filled bumps.
  • Sleep Problems: The "itch-scratch cycle" can severely disrupt sleep.
  • Neurodermatitis: A patch of skin becomes leathery and thick from constant scratching.

Treatment: The "Soak and Seal" Method

The most effective way to treat eczema is to hydrate the skin and lock that moisture in immediately.

  1. Soak: Take a short (5-10 minute) lukewarm bath or shower. Avoid hot water.
  2. Pat Dry: Gently pat the skin dry with a towel (do not rub). Leave the skin slightly damp.
  3. Medicate: Apply any prescription steroid creams immediately to the red areas.
  4. Seal: Within 3 minutes of getting out of the water, apply a thick layer of moisturizer (like Vaseline or Cetaphil) over the entire body to seal in the water.

Medications

  • Corticosteroid Creams: Anti-inflammatory creams to stop the flare. (Use only as directed to avoid thinning skin).
  • Antihistamines: Oral pills (like Benadryl) to help reduce itching at night so you can sleep.
  • Antibiotics: Prescribed only if the skin becomes infected.
🛁 THE BLEACH BATH RECIPE
To kill bacteria on the skin and prevent infection, doctors may recommend a dilute bleach bath.

Instructions:
  • Add 1/4 to 1/2 cup of common household bleach (not concentrated) to a full bathtub of warm water.
  • Soak from the neck down or just the affected areas for 10 minutes.
  • Rinse off with fresh water and moisturize immediately.
  • Do this 2-3 times a week only if recommended by your doctor.

Lifestyle Tips

  • Clothing: Wear soft, breathable cotton. Avoid scratchy wool.
  • Laundry: Use fragrance-free, dye-free detergents. Double rinse clothes.
  • Humidifier: Use a humidifier in the bedroom during winter to keep air moist.
  • Keep Fingernails Short: To minimize damage from scratching during sleep.
Disclaimer: The content provided on this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician regarding any medical condition.

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