Absence seizure

What are Absence Seizures?
Formerly known as Petit Mal seizures, Absence Seizures involve brief, sudden lapses of consciousness. They are more common in children than adults.

The person may simply look like they are staring into space for a few seconds. Unlike other seizures, they usually do not fall or suffer physical injury.

Many children outgrow these seizures in their teens. However, they can interfere with learning if they happen frequently (dozens of times a day).

Symptoms

The hallmark sign is a vacant stare lasting 10 to 15 seconds. It is often mistaken for daydreaming or a lack of attention. The person recovers immediately with no memory of the event and no lingering confusion.

Subtle physical signs include:

• Sudden stop in motion without falling.
• Lip smacking.
• Eyelid fluttering.
• Chewing motions.
• Finger rubbing or small hand movements.

⚠️ WHEN TO SUSPECT IT
A decline in a child's learning ability or grades is often the first sign. Teachers may report that the child seems "checked out" or misses instructions frequently.

Causes

Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses from nerve cells in the brain. During an absence seizure, these electrical signals repeat themselves in a specific 3-second pattern.

Factors include:

• Genetics: Many children have a genetic predisposition.
• Hyperventilation: Rapid breathing can trigger an episode.

Diagnosis

Doctors use specific tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other brain issues:

• EEG (Electroencephalography): The gold standard. It measures electrical activity in the brain via electrodes on the scalp.
• The Hyperventilation Test: During the EEG, the child may be asked to breathe rapidly. This often provokes a seizure, allowing the doctor to see the specific brain wave pattern.
• MRI: To rule out strokes or tumors (though rare for this condition).

Treatment

Doctors usually start with the lowest dose of medication necessary. Most children can taper off medication after being seizure-free for two years.

Common Medications

• Ethosuximide (Zarontin): The first-choice drug. Most cases respond well to this.
• Valproic Acid (Depakene): Effective, but carries a higher risk of birth defects. Women of childbearing age should discuss risks with their doctor.
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal): Sometimes used if other medications cause too many side effects.

Disclaimer: The content provided on this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician regarding any medical condition.